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Shell (Bash)

Section titled “Navigation”
  • Ctrl + A: Move to the beginning of the line.
  • Ctrl + E: Move to the end of the line.
  • Alt + B: Move backward one word.
  • Alt + F: Move forward one word.

Editing

Section titled “Editing”
  • Ctrl + U: Cut everything before the cursor to a special clipboard.
  • Ctrl + K: Cut everything after the cursor to a special clipboard.
  • Ctrl + Y: Paste the last thing you cut from the special clipboard.
  • Ctrl + W: Cut the word before the cursor to the special clipboard.
  • Alt + D: Cut the word after the cursor to the special clipboard.
  • Ctrl + _: Undo the last change.

History

Section titled “History”
  • !!: Repeat the last command.
  • !$: Repeat the last argument of the previous command.
  • !n: Repeat the n-th command in the history.
  • !-n: Repeat the command n commands ago.
  • ^lastcmd^newcmd: Replace lastcmd with newcmd in the last command and run it.
  • !*: Repeat all arguments of the previous command.

Searching

Section titled “Searching”
  • Ctrl + R: Search through command history as you type – press Ctrl + R again to cycle through matches.
  • Ctrl + G: Exit history searching mode without running a command.

Control

Section titled “Control”
  • Ctrl + C: Kill whatever you are running.
  • Ctrl + Z: Put whatever you are running into a suspended background process. Use fg to restore it.
  • Ctrl + D: Log out of the current shell session, similar to typing exit.

Miscellaneous

Section titled “Miscellaneous”
  • Tab: Auto-complete files, folders, and commands.
  • Ctrl + L: Clear the screen.
  • Ctrl + T: Swap the last two characters before the cursor.
  • Esc + T: Swap the last two words before the cursor.

Command Substitution

Section titled “Command Substitution”
  • $(command): Use the output of command as an argument in another command.

Redirection

Section titled “Redirection”
  • command > file: Redirect the output of command to file.
  • command >> file: Append the output of command to file.
  • command < file: Take input for command from file.
  • command 2> file: Redirect the error output of command to file.

Piping

Section titled “Piping”
  • command1 | command2: Pipe the output of command1 as input to command2.

Brace Expansion

Section titled “Brace Expansion”
  • {a,b,c}: Create several variations of a command (e.g., mv file.{txt,bak} renames file.txt to file.bak).

File Permissions (chmod)

Section titled “File Permissions (chmod)”
  • chmod +x file: Make file executable.
  • chmod 755 file: Set read, write, and execute permission for owner, and read and execute permission for group and others.